Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian is located at the foot of Longgu Mountain in FangshanDistrict of Beijing. In 1929, archaeologists discovered teeth, bones and a complete skull of an ape-man in a cave of Longgu Mountain, thus putting Zhoukoudian on world map. Scientists named the ape-man "Peking Man" after the location it was unearthed and called the cave "Peking Man Site".

Peking Man fossil of more than 40 individuals were successively found at the site of Zhoukoudian, where fossil of over 100 animal species and more than 100,000 pieces of stoneware were also found as well as some ash layers and burnt stones and bones etc. All these were a testament to the existence of human beings in Peking area some 500,000 years before. And Peking Man was capable of making stone tools and using fire. The discovery of "Peking Man" proved that human history had started some 500,000 years earlier than previously believed.

From the reconstruction based on the "Peking Man" fossil, they were short in stature, basically similar to modern man. With much smaller cranial capacity and bearing some facial features of ancient apes, Peking Man was able to walk upright. In 1933, fossilized remains of "Upper Cave Man", who lived 18,000 years before were found in the cave at the top of the Longgu Mountain. Unfortunately, the precious fossil mysteriously went missing and hasn’t been found till today.

The Zhoukoudian Site is a place with the most complete and systematic information about Homo erectus found so far in the world. It is of great value in the global research in palaeoanthropology. The Zhoukoudian Relics Museum was established in 1953. And in 1987, Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian was officially listed as a UNESCO world cultural heritage site.